Vocal cord paralysis is a condition where nerve signals to the larynx (voice box) are disrupted, causing one or both vocal cords (also known as vocal folds) to have trouble moving correctly. Because the vocal cords play a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and airway protection, paralysis can lead to significant communication and breathing challenges.

Diagnosis at ENT Associates of San Diego

At ENT Associates of San Diego, patients experiencing symptoms of vocal cord paralysis receive expert care from board-certified otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat doctors). With three convenient locations in La Mesa, Chula Vista, and Escondido, we specialize in diagnosing and treating voice disorders.

The diagnostic process begins with a comprehensive evaluation of your symptoms and medical history. A laryngoscopy — a procedure that allows direct visualization of the vocal cords — is typically performed to assess movement and function. Depending on the severity and suspected cause, additional diagnostic tools such as electromyography (EMG) or imaging studies like CT and MRI scans may be used to identify underlying conditions​.

Effects of Vocal Cord Paralysis

This condition can cause a range of symptoms that impact daily activities:

  • Voice Changes: A weak, breathy, or hoarse voice is common. People may find it difficult to speak loudly or project their voice.
  • Singing Challenges: Vocal cord paralysis can make it hard to control pitch, volume, and tone, significantly impacting singers and public speakers.
  • Breathing Difficulties: Since the vocal cords help regulate airflow, paralysis can cause breathing problems that the vocal cords normally prevent.
  • Swallowing Issues: Choking, coughing while eating, and frequent throat clearing are common when the vocal cords don’t close properly, increasing the risk of aspiration (food or liquid entering the lungs)​.

What Causes Vocal Cord Paralysis?

Vocal cord paralysis occurs when the nerves that control them are damaged or disrupted. Some of the most common causes are surgical complications and neurological disorders. Conditions like stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis may also impair nerve function, preventing the vocal folds from moving properly.

Additionally, viral infections and autoimmune diseases can trigger inflammation and disrupt nerve signals to the larynx. Lastly, physical trauma, such as a car accident or a direct injury to the neck, can also result in nerve damage and vocal fold immobility.

Tips to Improve Voice Quality

For mild cases of vocal cord paralysis, certain at-home techniques and exercises can help strengthen the vocal folds and improve voice quality:

  • Drink plenty of water to keep your vocal cords lubricated and reduce strain.
  • Practice gentle vocal exercises like humming and lip trills to strengthen your vocal folds.
  • Avoid whispering or straining your voice, as this can worsen symptoms.
  • Rest your voice when needed and limit excessive talking, especially in noisy environments.
  • Consider voice therapy for additional support.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent hoarseness, difficulty speaking, swallowing issues, or breathing problems, seek medical attention. Untreated vocal cord paralysis can lead to long-term voice damage and/or airway obstruction.

At ENT Associates of San Diego, we’re experienced in diagnosing and treating vocal cord paralysis. If you’re struggling with voice or breathing problems, schedule an evaluation at one of our La Mesa, Chula Vista, or Escondido locations.